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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 1 to be an array, null given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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<b>Warning</b>:  array_merge(): Expected parameter 2 to be an array, bool given in <b>/www/wwwroot/jiahao.google-wangluo.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/includes/class-check-invalid-text.php</b> on line <b>34</b><br />
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{"id":6096,"date":"2025-03-24T13:45:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T05:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/?p=6096"},"modified":"2025-03-24T14:39:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T06:39:36","slug":"air-conditioning-copper-pipe-and-its-performance-characteristics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/news\/air-conditioning-copper-pipe-and-its-performance-characteristics\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The first type of air conditioning copper pipe and its performance characteristics:\u00a0soft copper pipe and hard\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0Soft\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe, also known\u00a0as\u00a0flexible\u00a0copper pipe,\u00a0is\u00a0the copper pipe after annealing treatment\u00a0to\u00a0enhance\u00a0its\u00a0flexibility.\u00a0This\u00a0type\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0is\u00a0easy to\u00a0bend and\u00a0form by hand, and is suitable for situations\u00a0that\u00a0require complex\u00a0wiring, such\u00a0as\u00a0residential water supply pipes or HVAC systems. Hard\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes,\u00a0with\u00a0thicker\u00a0walls,\u00a0are\u00a0suitable\u00a0for\u00a0environments\u00a0with higher pressures and\u00a0temperatures\u00a0are\u00a0commonly used\u00a0in\u00a0main\u00a0water supply, gas lines and industrial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second category:1, Oxygen-free copper: including high purity oxygen-free\u00a0copper (TU0, TU1, TU2) and\u00a0phosphorus\u00a0deoxidized\u00a0copper (TUP, TP1,\u00a0TP2,\u00a0etc.) characterized\u00a0by\u00a0very\u00a0little\u00a0oxygen\u00a0content, a small amount of deoxidizing agent remains in deoxidized copper; 2, aerobic copper: mainly ordinary pure copper\u00a0(T1,\u00a0T2,\u00a0T3,\u00a0etc.)\u00a0and\u00a0tough\u00a0copper, characterized \u00a0by\u00a0high oxygen content; \u00a03,\u00a0special copper: arsenic\u00a0copper, silver copper, tellurium copper, etc., is characterized by adding different \u00a0trace alloying elements,\u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0achieve\u00a0the\u00a0purpose\u00a0of improving the comprehensive performance of the material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Characteristics and uses of copper pipe materials for air <\/strong><strong>conditioning:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>group<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Main <\/strong><strong>characteristics<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>purpose<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Pure<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>copper<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(T1, T2, <\/strong><strong>T3<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Has good conductivity, thermal conductivity,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>corrosion resistance, and processability, and can be<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>welded and brazed. Trace amounts of oxygen have<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>little<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>effect<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>on<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>conductivity,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>thermal<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>conductivity,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>processability, but they can easily cause \"hydrogen<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>sickness\" and are not suitable for processing<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(annealing,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>welding,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>etc.)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>use<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>in<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>high-temperature<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(such as 370 <\/strong>\u2103<strong>) reducing atmospheres.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Used as conductive, heat-conducting, and corrosion-<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>resistant equipment. T1 and T2 are used as wires,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>cables, conductive screws, blasting detonators,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>chemical<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>evaporators,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>storage<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>containers,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>various<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pipelines. T3 is used as a general copper material.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Such<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>as<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>electrical<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>switches,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>rivets,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>nozzles,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>oil<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pipes,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and other pipelines.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Oxygen<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>free<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>copper<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(TU1,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>TU2)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>High purity, excellent conductivity and thermal<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>conductivity,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>with<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>no<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>or<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>very<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>few<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\"hydrogen<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>diseases\"<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Good<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>processing<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>performance,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>welding,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>corrosion<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>resistance, and cold resistance.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Mainly<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>used<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>as<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>component<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>for<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>electric<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>vacuum<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>instruments.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Phosphorus<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>oxygen<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>copper<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>removal<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(TP1,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>TP2)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Good welding performance and cold bending<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>performance,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>generally<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>without<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tendency<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>towards<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\"<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>hydrogen sickness\", can be processed and used in a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>reducing atmosphere, but should not be processed or<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>used in an oxidizing atmosphere. TP1 has less<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>phosphorus<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>residue<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>than<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>TP2,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>so<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>its<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>conductivity<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>thermal conductivity are higher than TP2.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Mainly used for pipe applications, it can also be<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>supplied in sheet, strip, rod, or wire. It is used as a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>gasoline<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>or<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>gas<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>delivery<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pipe,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>drainage<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pipe,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>condenser<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pipe, mine pipe, evaporator, heat exchanger, and<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>train carriage <\/strong><strong>parts<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Silver<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>copper<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(TAg0.1)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Adding a small amount of silver to copper can<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>significantly increase the softening temperature<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(recrystallization temperature) and creep strength,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>while rarely reducing the conductivity, thermal<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>conductivity, and plasticity of copper. Practical silver<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>copper is generally strengthened by cold work<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>hardening. It has good wear resistance, electrical<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>contact,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>corrosion<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>resistance,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>and<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>its<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>practical<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>life<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>is 2-4 times longer than that of ordinary hard copper<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>when made into electric wire.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Used as heat-resistant and conductive equipment.<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Such as motor rectifier blades, conductors for<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>generator rotors, spot welding electrodes,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>communication<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>wires,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>leads,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>wires,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>electronic<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tube<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>materials,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>etc.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the design of air conditioning copper pipe it\u00a0is\u00a0very\u00a0important\u00a0to\u00a0consider\u00a0the\u00a0calculation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0wall\u00a0thicknessof\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe. The \u00a0calculation \u00a0of copper pipe\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness \u00a0involvesthe \u00a0outer\u00a0diameter, \u00a0inner \u00a0diameter\u00a0and\u00a0wall \u00a0thickness\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0pipe. Thespecific\u00a0calculation\u00a0formula\u00a0can\u00a0be\u00a0determined\u00a0by\u00a0engineering\u00a0principlesand\u00a0the\u00a0physical\u00a0characteristics of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes. \u00a0For\u00a0example, \u00a0Barlow'sformula\u00a0can \u00a0be\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0calculate\u00a0the\u00a0wall \u00a0thickness. This formula\u00a0takes into account the pipe's outside diameter, working pressure, material strength, and safety factor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0basic\u00a0form\u00a0of\u00a0Barlow's\u00a0formula\u00a0is:\u00a0where\u00a0t\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness\u00a0ofthe\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe,\u00a0P\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0working\u00a0pressure,\u00a0D\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0outside\u00a0diameter, S\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0yield\u00a0strength\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0material,\u00a0and\u00a0SF\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0safety\u00a0factor.\u00a0The calculation\u00a0formula\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0relationship\u00a0of\u00a0Japanese\u00a0freeze\u00a0security rules\u00a0is:\u00a0t=\u00a0[(P\u00d7oD)\/(2\u03c3a\u00a0+ 0.8P)]\u00a0+\u03b1\u00a0(\u339c)t:required\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness\u00a0(\u339c);\u00a0P:\u00a0maximum\u00a0used\u00a0pressure\u00a0(design\u00a0pressure)\u00a0(MPa);\u00a0oD:\u00a0standard\u00a0outside diameter\u00a0(\u339c); \u03c3a:\u00a0basic\u00a0allowable\u00a0stress\u00a0at\u00a0125\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0(N\u00a0\/ \u339c 2), \u03c3a\u00a0= 33 (N\u00a0\/ \u339c 2);\u00a0\u03b1\u00a0: corrosion\u00a0thickness\u00a0(\u339c) However,\u00a0for\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0it\u00a0is 0(\u339c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\u00a0addition,\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0specific\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0air\u00a0conditioning\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe, you can refer to the ASTM B280 standard, which provides the relevant provisions\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0size\u00a0and\u00a0working pressure \u00a0of\u00a0copper \u00a0pipe \u00a0used in\u00a0the field of air conditioning and refrigeration. According to these regulations, the designer \u00a0can determine\u00a0the\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0copper pipe suitable for the specific application. Regarding the selection parameters and allowable values of copper tubes for refrigerant distribution pipes, it is usually necessary to consider the type of refrigerant,\u00a0system\u00a0design\u00a0and\u00a0operation. For\u00a0example, the performance of\u00a0different coolants at different \u00a0temperatures \u00a0and\u00a0pressures will affect the size and wall thickness \u00a0selection \u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes. These selection parameters must\u00a0meet specific standards  (such\u00a0as\u00a0ASTM\u00a0B280)\u00a0to\u00a0ensure\u00a0the safe and efficient operation of the system. Specific information and standards\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0calculation\u00a0formula \u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness\u00a0of\u00a0coppertubes, \u00a0as\u00a0well\u00a0as \u00a0the\u00a0selection parameters and\u00a0allowable\u00a0values\u00a0of\u00a0copper tubes for refrigerant distribution pipes, Can refer to Engineering Toolbox\u00a0ASTM\u00a0B280\u00a0Copper\u00a0Tube\u00a0for\u00a0Air\u00a0Conditioning\u00a0and\u00a0Refrigeration\u00a0(ACR)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dimensions\u00a0and\u00a0Working\u00a0Pressures\u00a0as\u00a0well\u00a0as\u00a0Table\u00a014.2e.\u00a0Dimensions\u00a0and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube, Copper.org. These resources provide detailed dimensions, physical characteristics, and working pressure\u00a0information\u00a0to\u00a0aid\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0proper\u00a0selection\u00a0and\u00a0calculation\u00a0of copper\u00a0 tubes \u00a0for \u00a0use \u00a0in\u00a0 air\u00a0conditioning \u00a0systems.\u00a0In\u00a0addition,\u00a0according to  the Chinese national standard (e.g. GB\/T 17791-2017),  the wall thickness\u00a0calculation\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes\u00a0also\u00a0needs\u00a0to\u00a0take\u00a0into\u00a0account\u00a0the application\u00a0scenario\u00a0and\u00a0pressure\u00a0requirements.\u00a0In\u00a0the\u00a0Chinese\u00a0national standard GB\/T 17791-2017, there are detailed regulations on the wall thickness of copper pipes for different types and purposes. These standards\u00a0ensure\u00a0that\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes\u00a0can\u00a0work\u00a0safely\u00a0and\u00a0efficiently\u00a0under various pressure and temperature conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, the selection parameters and allowable values of refrigerant piping\u00a0copper \u00a0pipe\u00a0selection \u00a0of \u00a0refrigerant\u00a0piping\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0need\u00a0to consider\u00a0a\u00a0variety\u00a0of\u00a0factors, \u00a0including\u00a0the \u00a0size, \u00a0type, \u00a0wall \u00a0thickness and\u00a0working\u00a0pressure\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0the\u00a0ASTM\u00a0B280\u00a0standard specifies \u00a0the \u00a0size\u00a0and\u00a0working\u00a0pressure\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0field\u00a0of air\u00a0conditioning \u00a0and\u00a0refrigeration. \u00a0Copper \u00a0tubing\u00a0should\u00a0be\u00a0selected\u00a0to meet\u00a0the\u00a0specific\u00a0requirements\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0refrigeration\u00a0system,\u00a0including refrigerant type, system capacity, and design pressure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Chinese standards:\u00a0National\u00a0standards\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0GB\/T\u00a017791-2017\u00a0provide\u00a0detailed guidance\u00a0for\u00a0the \u00a0selection\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes\u00a0for\u00a0refrigerant\u00a0distribution pipes. These standards include specific requirements for the size of copper\u00a0tubes\u00a0required\u00a0for\u00a0different\u00a0types\u00a0of\u00a0refrigerant\u00a0systems\u00a0(such as R22, R410A, R32, etc.), as well as the maximum allowable working pressure\u00a0and\u00a0temperature. \u00a0By combining\u00a0specific\u00a0engineering\u00a0requirements with\u00a0applicable\u00a0Chinese\u00a0national\u00a0standards,\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0possible\u00a0to\u00a0ensure\u00a0that the selection of copper pipes meets the performance and safety requirements\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0system.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0it\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0pointed\u00a0out\u00a0in\u00a0the standard\u00a0how\u00a0to\u00a0select\u00a0the\u00a0appropriate\u00a0copper\u00a0tube\u00a0size\u00a0and\u00a0wall\u00a0thickness according \u00a0to\u00a0the \u00a0refrigerant type\u00a0and\u00a0system\u00a0design\u00a0under\u00a0certain\u00a0working conditions, \u00a0and\u00a0how\u00a0to\u00a0ensure \u00a0that\u00a0these\u00a0parameters operate \u00a0within\u00a0a\u00a0safe range. 2. European standards: In Europe, Copper pipes and pipes are classified according to\u00a0EN\u00a01057\u00a0as\u00a0\"Type\u00a0XCopper\u00a0Pipe\",\u00a0\"Type\u00a0Y\u00a0Copper Pipe\",\u00a0and\u00a0\"Type\u00a0Z \u00a0Copper\u00a0Pipe\" ; In\u00a0Australia,\u00a0they\u00a0are\u00a0classified\u00a0as\u00a0\"Type A\",\u00a0\"Type\u00a0B\", \u00a0\"Type\u00a0C\",\u00a0 and\u00a0\"Type\u00a0D\".\u00a0 These\u00a0different\u00a0types\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes are\u00a0divided\u00a0into\u00a0soft\u00a0and\u00a0hard\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes\u00a0according\u00a0to\u00a0their\u00a0stiffness. Soft\u00a0copper\u00a0pipes \u00a0cost\u00a0more\u00a0due to\u00a0annealing\u00a0heat\u00a0treatment,\u00a0but\u00a0are\u00a0easy to\u00a0install \u00a0and\u00a0maintain, \u00a0and\u00a0are\u00a0suitable \u00a0for\u00a0applications \u00a0that require careful\u00a0wiring,\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0household\u00a0water\u00a0supply\u00a0pipes\u00a0or\u00a0HVAC\u00a0systems.\u00a0Hard copper \u00a0pipes \u00a0have thicker\u00a0walls\u00a0that\u00a0can\u00a0withstand\u00a0higher\u00a0pressures\u00a0and temperatures, \u00a0and\u00a0are\u00a0commonly \u00a0used\u00a0in \u00a0main water\u00a0supply,\u00a0gas\u00a0lines,\u00a0and industrial\u00a0applications.\u00a03,\u00a0general\u00a0refrigerant\u00a0distribution\u00a0pipe\u00a0copper pipe selection parameters\u00a0and allowable\u00a0value O\u00a0and\u00a0OL\u00a0material\u00a0(TP2M type, also known as coil)1\/2H or H material (TP2 type, also known as straight pipe)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<strong>category<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Standard<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>outer <\/strong><strong>diameter (allowable tolerance) <\/strong><strong>DOmm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Wall<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>thickness <\/strong><strong>(Tolerance allowed)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>t <\/strong><strong>mm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Allowable <\/strong><strong>tolerance<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>for<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>true <\/strong><strong>roundness<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>mm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Category (Design Pressure)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Reference <\/strong><strong>value<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>maximum <\/strong><strong>working<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pressure <\/strong><strong>PMPa<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Allow<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tensile <\/strong><strong>stress<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>O<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>aN\/mm\u00b2<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"20\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>O<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>and <\/strong><strong>OL<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.17(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"20\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"6\" height=\"2\" src=\"\" title=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics\" alt=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics\" \/><\/td><td rowspan=\"7\"><strong>The third <\/strong><strong>type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>17.701<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"20\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>33<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>(Allowable<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tensile stress at a temperature of 125 <\/strong>\u2103<strong>)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>4.76(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>11.000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>8.492<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6.35(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>9.246<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>8.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>7.173<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>9.52(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5.945<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>10.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5.641<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>12.70(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>The second <\/strong><strong>type<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4.378<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>15.88(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4.376<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>19.05(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"11\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Type <\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.616<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>22.22(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.15(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.563<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>25.40(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.30(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.522<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>28.58(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.45(\u00b10.10)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.490<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>31.75(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.60(\u00b10.10)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.465<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>34.92(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.75(\u00b10.10)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.445<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>38.10(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.90(\u00b10.10)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.428<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>41.28(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.10(\u00b10.13)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.500<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>44.45(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.25(\u00b10.13)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.481<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>50.80(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.55(\u00b10.18)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.455<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>53.98(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.75(\u00b10.18)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.505<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>category<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<strong>Standard<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>outer<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>diameter<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(allowable<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tolerance)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>DOmm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<strong>Wall<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>thickness<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(Tolerance<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>allowed)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>mm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">&nbsp;<strong>Allowable<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tolerance<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>for true roundness<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>mm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Category<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>(Design<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Pressure)<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Reference <\/strong><strong>value<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>maximum<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>working<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>pressure<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>PMPa<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<strong>Allow<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tensile<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>stress<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>O<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>aN\/mm\u00b2<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"24\"><strong>1\/2H<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>or<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>H-<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>material<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.17(<\/strong>\u571f<strong>0.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.03<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"12\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>The third <\/strong><strong>type<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>32.720<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"24\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>61<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>(Allowable<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>tensile<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>stress at a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>temperature<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>of<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>125<\/strong><strong><\/strong>\u2103<strong>)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>4.76(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.04<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>20.528<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.70(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.05<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>15.698<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6.35(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.05<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>17.092<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>8.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.07<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>13.260<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>9.52(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.08<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>10.990<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>10.00(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.08<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>10.427<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>12.70(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.80(\u00b10.06)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.11<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>8.092<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>15.88(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.13<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>8.090<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>19.05(<\/strong>\u571f<strong>0.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.16<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6.684<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>22.22(\u00b10.03)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.23<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5.694<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>25.40(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.26<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4.959<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>28.58(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.00(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.29<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>The second <\/strong><strong>type<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4.391<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>31.75(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.10(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.32<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4.347<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>34.92(\u00b10.04)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.10(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.35<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"10\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Type <\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.942<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>38.10(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.15(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.39<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.773<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>41.28(<\/strong>\u571f<strong>0.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.20(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.42<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.630<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>44.45(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.25(\u00b10.09)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.45<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.509<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>50.80(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.40(\u00b10.13)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.51<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.434<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>53.98(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.50(\u00b10.15)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.54<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.467<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>63.50(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.75(\u00b10.15)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.64<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.438<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>66.68(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.85(\u00b10.15)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.67<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.461<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>76.20(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.10(\u00b10.18)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.77<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.438<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>79.38(\u00b10.05)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2.20(\u00b10.18)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Below <\/strong><strong>0.80<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.457<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fourth, what are the problems in the use of air conditioning copper pipe?How\u00a0to\u00a0solve\u00a0it?\u00a0 1,\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0leakage:\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0leakage\u00a0is\u00a0the fatal\u00a0defect\u00a0of\u00a0air\u00a0conditioning, \u00a0once\u00a0the\u00a0leakage \u00a0of air\u00a0conditioning refrigerant\u00a0will\u00a0all\u00a0overflow,\u00a0air\u00a0conditioning\u00a0due\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0lack\u00a0of\u00a0heat transfer \u00a0medium, \u00a0and make \u00a0the\u00a0air\u00a0conditioner\u00a0failure.\u00a0For\u00a0the\u00a0leakage problem\u00a0of\u00a0copper \u00a0pipe\u00a0is\u00a0more\u00a0complex, \u00a0the\u00a0following often\u00a0appear\u00a0in\u00a0the leakage reasons are elaborated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) Manufacturing reasons: \u2460\u00a0eddy current detection leakage. GB specifies\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0100%\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0detection,\u00a0and specifies the diameter of the artificial defect (through hole) on the sample\u00a0tube\u00a0used\u00a0for\u00a0checking \u00a0the\u00a0flaw\u00a0detector, \u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0to ensure\u00a0the sensitivity of eddy current detection and prevent excessive defect detection. This requirement can be fully guaranteed in the regular large-scale copper pipe factory, because the flaw detection is online testing,\u00a0this\u00a0online\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0testing\u00a0ensures\u00a0that\u00a0all\u00a0the\u00a0lengths of\u00a0the pipe\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0tested\u00a0by\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0testing,\u00a0and\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0100%\u00a0flaw detection. Some copper pipe factories are not like this, or do not go through eddy current testing, or use low-standard eddy current flaw detector\u00a0sampling.\u00a0In\u00a0this\u00a0way,\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0has\u00a0exceeded\u00a0the\u00a0defect detection \u00a0or\u00a0not\u00a0detected, resulting\u00a0in\u00a0air\u00a0conditioning\u00a0leakage\u00a0when\u00a0the user\u00a0is\u00a0using; \u00a0\u2461\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0testing\u00a0detected\u00a0defects, but\u00a0the\u00a0surface of\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0was\u00a0not\u00a0marked\u00a0or\u00a0marked\u00a0inaccurate\u00a0and\u00a0unclear.\u00a0In the production process of copper pipe, the defects detected by eddy current\u00a0testing\u00a0require \u00a0ink\u00a0to\u00a0cover\u00a0the\u00a0defects exceeding\u00a0the\u00a0standard, so\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0user\u00a0can\u00a0remove\u00a0the\u00a0defective\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0process\u00a0of use.\u00a0However,\u00a0due\u00a0to the\u00a0manufacturer\u00a0in the\u00a0production\u00a0process\u00a0of\u00a0the selection\u00a0of\u00a0ink\u00a0adhesion is\u00a0not\u00a0enough, ink-jet\u00a0gun\u00a0adjustment\u00a0is\u00a0not appropriate, drying is not complete, ink composition encountered high temperature\u00a0fading\u00a0and\u00a0other\u00a0reasons,\u00a0resulting\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0user in\u00a0the\u00a0use of\u00a0the\u00a0process can\u00a0not\u00a0be\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0detection\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0defects\u00a0picked out,\u00a0once\u00a0the\u00a0defective \u00a0copper\u00a0pipe \u00a0used in\u00a0the\u00a0air\u00a0conditioner\u00a0is\u00a0bound to\u00a0cause\u00a0leakage.\u00a0(2)\u00a0Reasons\u00a0for\u00a0user\u00a0use:\u00a0\u2460\u00a0Misuse\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0defect\u00a0pipe detected\u00a0by\u00a0eddy\u00a0current\u00a0detection.\u00a0Under\u00a0normal\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0production conditions, \u00a0the\u00a0eddy \u00a0current detection\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0not\u00a0only\u00a0marks\u00a0the number\u00a0of\u00a0damage \u00a0points\u00a0on\u00a0each\u00a0coil, \u00a0but\u00a0also\u00a0paints black\u00a0marks\u00a0on\u00a0the parts\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0damage\u00a0points,\u00a0so\u00a0that\u00a0users\u00a0can\u00a0identify\u00a0and\u00a0pick\u00a0out\u00a0this \"black tube\" in use. Air conditioning and refrigeration enterprises should\u00a0make \u00a0it\u00a0clear\u00a0to\u00a0the \u00a0operators,\u00a0especially the\u00a0newly\u00a0posted\u00a0workers, in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0prevent\u00a0this\u00a0pipe\u00a0with\u00a0injuries\u00a0from\u00a0being\u00a0installed\u00a0on\u00a0the air conditioning\u00a0and\u00a0refrigeration\u00a0device.\u00a0We\u00a0have\u00a0found\u00a0this\u00a0problem\u00a0many times\u00a0when\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0in-depth\u00a0user\u00a0service,\u00a0some\u00a0workers\u00a0ask\u00a0us\u00a0how\u00a0the\u00a0black on\u00a0the\u00a0pipe\u00a0is going on,\u00a0and\u00a0some are \u00a0 anatomizing unqualified\u00a0products precisely\u00a0because\u00a0the\u00a0\"black\u00a0tube\"\u00a0is\u00a0installed\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0product\u00a0causing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>air\u00a0conditioning\u00a0refrigeration\u00a0device\u00a0leakage.\u00a0\u2461\u00a0Processing\u00a0problems. In\u00a0the\u00a0process \u00a0of\u00a0forming \u00a0two units ,\u00a0the\u00a0air\u00a0conditioning\u00a0supervisor\u00a0must go\u00a0through \u00a0the\u00a0process\u00a0of\u00a0bending, \u00a0expanding,\u00a0flaring, welding\u00a0and\u00a0other links.\u00a0\u2462\u00a0Leakage\u00a0caused\u00a0by\u00a0poor\u00a0welding.\u00a0After\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0is\u00a0pierced into \u00a0the aluminum\u00a0foil\u00a0with\u00a0holes,\u00a0the\u00a0pipe\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0pipe\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0connected, need\u00a0to\u00a0use\u00a0a\u00a0small \u00a0elbow\u00a0connection, in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0connect\u00a0firmly,\u00a0in\u00a0the production\u00a0process, \u00a0the\u00a0small\u00a0elbow \u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe welded\u00a0together,  welding\u00a0methods\u00a0are\u00a0divided\u00a0into\u00a0manual\u00a0and\u00a0automatic\u00a0two\u00a0kinds,\u00a0welding due\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0quality\u00a0of\u00a0solder,\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0expansion,\u00a0welding\u00a0surface\u00a0has foreign bodies and other reasons, resulting in welding is not real, forming\u00a0virtual\u00a0welding, \u00a0Resulting\u00a0in\u00a0refrigerant\u00a0leakage. \u00a02, copper\u00a0pipe cracking:\u00a0the\u00a0cracking\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0is\u00a0mainly\u00a0concentrated\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0copper pipe expansion\u00a0and\u00a0expansion\u00a0process.\u00a0The\u00a0cracking\u00a0situation\u00a0is\u00a0shown\u00a0in Figure\u00a01.\u00a0In\u00a0the\u00a0production\u00a0 of \u00a0two units,\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0expansion\u00a0and\u00a0flaring is\u00a0a\u00a0continuous\u00a0process, \u00a0often\u00a0compounded \u00a0to\u00a0a\u00a0process to complete.\u00a0There are\u00a0many\u00a0reasons\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0cracking\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe,\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0main\u00a0reasons are \u00a0as follows\u00a0: \u2460\u00a0The\u00a0reason\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0quality\u00a0of\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0itself.\u00a0The reasons for the quality of the copper pipe itself can be divided into external\u00a0surface\u00a0defects,\u00a0internal\u00a0surface\u00a0scratches,\u00a0internal\u00a0surface oxidation \u00a0and so\u00a0on. Copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0expansion\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0pipe,\u00a0the\u00a0cold processing\u00a0deformation, \u00a0the\u00a0surface \u00a0is stretched\u00a0by\u00a0tensile\u00a0stress,\u00a0when the\u00a0copper \u00a0pipe\u00a0surface\u00a0has \u00a0deep\u00a0scars, \u00a0the\u00a0copper \u00a0pipe\u00a0surface can\u00a0not withstand\u00a0the\u00a0surface\u00a0tensile\u00a0stress,\u00a0the\u00a0formation\u00a0of\u00a0tensile\u00a0fracture phenomenon, \u00a0that\u00a0is, \u00a0we see\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0surface\u00a0cracking.\u00a0The\u00a0cracking mechanism caused by scratches on the inner surface of copper pipe is similar\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0cracking\u00a0mechanism\u00a0caused\u00a0by\u00a0scratches\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0outer\u00a0surface. When\u00a0the\u00a0inner\u00a0surface\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0is\u00a0oxidized,\u00a0the\u00a0friction\u00a0force on\u00a0the \u00a0surface\u00a0 of\u00a0the \u00a0copper pipe is\u00a0different\u00a0from\u00a0that\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0surface of the copper pipe without copper oxide when the pipe is expanded, resulting\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0length\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0pier\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0same\u00a0length\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe is\u00a0inconsistent, \u00a0and the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0small\u00a0pier\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0time\u00a0of\u00a0the sparing\u00a0 is\u00a0extended\u00a0long, \u00a0resulting \u00a0in\u00a0excessive sparing\u00a0and\u00a0cracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/5dd42fa1de26bb596b52-1.png\"  class=\"wp-image-6101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/5dd42fa1de26bb596b52-1.png 367w, https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/5dd42fa1de26bb596b52-1-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" title=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics1\" alt=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 1: Local cracking of air conditioning\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0\u2461\u00a0Reasons\u00a0for\u00a0user\u00a0use.\u00a0In\u00a0the\u00a0use\u00a0of\u00a0copper pipe, \u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0often \u00a0the\u00a0coil\u00a0straightening, \u00a0cutting\u00a0and\u00a0sizing, \u00a0and\u00a0thecutting\u00a0is \u00a0often\u00a0made \u00a0without \u00a0chips. The\u00a0surface\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0after heat \u00a0treatment\u00a0is\u00a0relatively \u00a0soft.\u00a0When \u00a0the\u00a0chip \u00a0free \u00a0cutting \u00a0is\u00a0 carried   out, \u00a0when\u00a0the\u00a0 cutting\u00a0knife\u00a0is\u00a0unfavorable \u00a0or\u00a0when\u00a0the\u00a0cutting\u00a0knife \u00a0is too\u00a0large, the\u00a0copper pipe shrink\u00a0is\u00a0too\u00a0large \u00a0or\u00a0too\u00a0many\u00a0burrs, formingthe\u00a0port flash\u00a0and\u00a0port\u00a0hardening, causing \u00a0cracking when\u00a0the\u00a0opening\u00a0is  expanded.\u00a0A\u00a0heat\u00a0exchanger\u00a0is\u00a0composed\u00a0of\u00a0many\u00a0\"U\"\u00a0type\u00a0tube,\u00a0the\u00a0\"U\"\u00a0type tube length and each\"U\" type tube two end length of the consistency requirements \u00a0are \u00a0very \u00a0high, \u00a0when \u00a0bending \u00a0\"U\" type\u00a0tube,\u00a0due\u00a0to\u00a0equipment or \u00a0adjustment \u00a0reasons\u00a0caused\u00a0by \u00a0the \u00a0\"U\"\u00a0 type\u00a0tube\u00a0length \u00a0and each\u00a0\"U\"\u00a0type tube\u00a0two\u00a0end\u00a0length\u00a0difference\u00a0is\u00a0too\u00a0large\u00a0(greater\u00a0than\u00a02mm),\u00a0So\u00a0when flaring, \u00a0it \u00a0will appear\u00a0because\u00a0the\u00a0port\u00a0is\u00a0too\u00a0long\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe is \u00a0extended \u00a0too\u00a0long, \u00a0causing\u00a0the\u00a0flaring is\u00a0too\u00a0large\u00a0and\u00a0cracking.\u00a03, bending\u00a0pipe\u00a0wrinkle,\u00a0fracture:\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe\u00a0wrinkle\u00a0(Figure\u00a02,\u00a0Figure\u00a03), fracture\u00a0occurs\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0production\u00a0of\u00a0\"U\"\u00a0type\u00a0pipe\u00a0process,\u00a0copper\u00a0pipe in this process is often scrapped more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"357\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e65ad80820989cbd3b86-1.png\"  class=\"wp-image-6099\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e65ad80820989cbd3b86-1.png 357w, https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e65ad80820989cbd3b86-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" title=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics2\" alt=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics2\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure\u00a02:\u00a0Wrinkling\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0outside\u00a0of air conditioning copper pipe <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"257\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/4892bc6becf388d527a1.png\"  class=\"wp-image-6100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/4892bc6becf388d527a1.png 257w, https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/4892bc6becf388d527a1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" title=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics3\" alt=\"Air Conditioning Copper Pipe and Its Performance Characteristics3\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 3: wrinkling on the inside of air conditioning copper pipe<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first type of air conditioning copper pipe and its  [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6096"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6112,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6096\/revisions\/6112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jiahaorefrigeration.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}